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BWO stands for Blue-Winged Olive, a small, delicate mayfly that hatches in large numbers on many trout streams. A "BWO hatch" refers to the emergence of these mayflies from the water, creating a feeding frenzy for trout.
During a BWO hatch, trout eagerly feed on the emerging adults, pupae, and nymphs, making it a crucial time for fly fishers to match their flies to the specific stage of the hatch. Anglers use a variety of fly patterns to imitate BWOs, including dry flies to mimic the adults, nymphs to represent the underwater stages, and emergers to imitate the vulnerable stage as the insect is emerging from the water.
